Base of the Pyramid Programmes

Since 2009 ICCL has established a new research programme which offers an innovative approach to development with a specific focus on business model innovation at the base of the pyramid (BOP). This market-leading initiative aims to accelerate the reduction of poverty by supporting business model innovation at the base of the pyramid - specifically cracking the “genome” of how to develop radically new products and services, and scalable, economically sustainable business models to serve important needs at the base of the pyramid. This research programme works collaboratively at LSE with DESTIN, LSE Health, the African Initiative and the India Observatory.

About the BOP Initiative
The initiative aspires to create a paradigm shift in terms of doing business in developing countries and emerging markets. In five years time we hope to see many more companies developing and delivering relevant and sustainable business models to users at the base of the pyramid, and to see users enjoying and benefiting from those products. Likewise, we hope to help NGOs and entrepreneurs deliver innovations which bring about large-scale transformational advances for those living at the base of the pyramid. For companies, NGOs and entrepreneurs our research will:


  • Focus on the double bottom-line (conducting research demonstrating measurable impact for business and people)
  • Be cutting edge, addressing gaps, breaks bottlenecks and catalyses quantum rather than incremental change – and identify where innovation can add real value

In the short term the research centre plans to continue current activities and to upscale through cementing partnerships with practitioners and with donors in addition to hosting a forum to bring together experts and practitioners alike.

What is the Base of the Pyramid?

Almost half the world's population — over three billion people — live on less than $2.50 a day. This huge amount of people have been referred to as the 'Base of the Pyramid', or 'Bottom of the Pyramid', by economists, development organisations and NGOs.

The Base of the Pyramid (BOP) has been largely neglected in business research so far - in part because its members are not regarded an attractive consumer segment: In 2005, the wealthiest 20% of the world accounted for 76.6% of total private consumption - the poorest fifth just for 1.5%.